Boom: The boom is the arm of the excavator that extends outward and upward from the machine's body. It provides reach and height for digging and lifting operations.

Stick (or Arm): Connected to the end of the boom, the stick (or arm) further extends the reach of the excavator. It allows for more precise digging depth and control.

Bucket: Attached to the end of the stick, the bucket is the part of the excavator that actually scoops and lifts materials. Buckets come in various sizes and configurations depending on the specific job requirements, such as digging buckets, ditching buckets, or rock buckets.

Cab: The operator's compartment is located on a rotating platform (house) above the undercarriage. The cab can rotate a full 360 degrees, allowing the operator to have a complete view of the work area without having to reposition the entire machine.

Tracks (or Wheels): Excavators typically have either tracks (caterpillar tracks) or wheels for movement. Tracks provide better stability and traction on uneven or rough terrain, while wheeled excavators are more maneuverable on firm surfaces.

Hydraulic System: Excavators are powered by hydraulic systems that control the movement of the boom, stick, and bucket. Hydraulic cylinders provide the force needed for digging, lifting, and other operations. Modern excavators have advanced hydraulic systems that offer precise control and efficiency.

Engine: Excavators are equipped with diesel engines that provide the power necessary to operate the hydraulic system, tracks (or wheels), and other components. The engine's horsepower and torque determine the excavator's performance capabilities.